Violet 'Bub' McDonald, Jul 1927; 'To Sis & Tom, With Love from Bub, 10/7/27'
Image: Rene Barnes
FatherDonald Glenorchy McDonald b. 6 Mar 1878, d. 12 May 1953
MotherAlice Euphemia Steer b. 17 Aug 1880, d. 18 Sep 1957
Pedigree

Birth, Death, Marriage

Violet Alice 'Bub' McDonald was born on 2 July 1908 in Swan Hill, Victoria.1,2 
She married Frank Larsen 'Dick' Williams on 14 June 1933 in Preston, Victoria.3,4 
She died on 6 January 2008 at age 99. 

Family

Frank Larsen 'Dick' Williams b. 8 Jan 1911, d. 1970
Child
ChartsCampbell, John, descendant chart
McDonald, Archibald, descendant chart
Steer, Edward, descendant chart

Story

Bub McDonald was a capable and in many ways remarkable woman. She worked for Rockmans clothing store on two occasions, and later established and ran her own clothing store. On four separate occasions, she worled in the male-dominated hotel industry, twice as licensee. She was once the president of a country football club. Bub supported herself and brought up a son from the age of six, including tertiary education, on her own. She pitched in to help family where needed, and she looked after her parents in their final years. Bub was small in stature but left a big impact on all who knew her through her 99 years.
 
Violet Alice was born in Swan Hill on 2 July 1908. She was the fifth child of Alice and fourth child of Donald.1
 
Violet McDonald was the youngest - and smallest - of the family, and was given the nickname Bub. Her sister Nene called her Vi, but she was almost universally known as Bub.5,6,7,8,9
 
Early Life
Bub was born when the family lived on Pental Island. This was near Lake Boga where her mother's family lived and Swan Hill where her father's family lived. Her parents were share dairy farming, and her mother helped milk 70 cows by hand.10
Alice, Sis (Irene) & Nene (Doris) Steer/McDonald, Pental Island, Swan Hill
Image: Margaret Sellwood
Then Dougal was born; Mum [Alice's sister Beatrice] had to help to look after them [twins Nene and Sis]. Then Violet (Bub); she was only six weeks old when Alice was back milking. One morning a cow attacked her, she tried to get over the fence but wasn't quick enough, the cow's horns caught her. She was taken to hospital and had about 60 stitches; she was very lucky and got over it ok. She kept the baby in hospital with her. Mum had to look after the others with the help of a neighbour.10
 
Alice once fell in a fire resulting in a bent little finger (just visible in the photo with the twins) and missing part of her thumb (in the photo with Bub).11
Alice Euphemia, Sis (Irene) & Nene (Doris) Steer/McDonald; Alice has bent left little finger from fire accident
Image: Margaret Sellwood
Violet Alice (Bub) McDonald
Image: Nene Courtie
Parents' Late Marriage 
Alice Euphemia Steer and Donald Glenorchy McDonald were married in Swan Hill on 12 May 1910. They had four children, all born before the marriage, between 1903 and 1908.

The marriage was conducted by John Stewart Drummond, a presbyterian minister. Neither of the two witnesses, Ernest Gerald Gray and Donald Urquhart, were family; Gray was the registrar for Swan Hill.

Because of the delayed marriage, the twins were originally registered under the name Steer, though they were always referred to as McDonalds. No father's name was provided for the original registration of twins Doris and Irene, but Donald's name was added as the father when these two births were re-registered in June 1943.

Donald McDonald is shown as the father for Donald (jnr) and Violet.

It says something about the Australian treatment of names that the four children, Doris, Irene, Donald and Violet were always known as Nene, Sis, Dougal and Bub.

While we don't have any photos of the wedding, we do have a photo of the three eldest children that could have been taken at the time.12,13,14,15,16,1
Nene (Doris), Dougal (Donald) & Sis (Irene) McDonald
Image: Nene Courtie
Around 1912, Donald moved from dairy farming on Pental Island to being a butcher in Swan Hill, and for a short time around 1914, the family lived in Swan Hill.

In the 1909 electoral rolls, Donald is a dairy farmer, on his 1910 marriage registration he is a labourer, and in the 1912 electoral rolls he is for the first time shown as a butcher. In the 1912 and 1913 electoral rolls, Alice gives her residence as Pental Island, but in 1914 she is 'c/o Renkin Bros, Swan Hill'. Renkin Brothers were butchers.17,13,18,19,20,21
 
[Florence Renkin, daughter of Robert George Renkin, butcher, was born two weeks before Violet and appears with Violet's birth registration.]
 
Donald snr remained a butcher for the rest of his working life.

By September 1914, the family was living in Nyah.22
 
Swan Hill to Nyah by Ballast Train
According to Nene and Bub, the family travelled on the ballast train when they moved house from Swan Hill to Nyah. The line was being built from Swan Hill to Piangil, through Nyah West (or Nyah Rail as it was then known) around 1914. It must have been quite a sight and adventure for the four young children to have all the family's belongings piled onto a railway wagon.11,23,24
Ballast train, old S-class steam locomotive No.199, early 1900s
With Donald a butcher, meat would have been readily available, though most sold to support the family and perhaps a growing drinking habit. A treat might have been Murray Cod from the nearby Murray River, or a rabbit.

The four children attended the local school in Nyah.

We walked 3/4 mile to get to school. We sometimes took a shortcut through the swampy paddock, but snakes were a problem. [Nene Courtie]11,24

 
Entertainment for the children was based on whatever was available.

As a young girl she would paddle in the channel, catch yabbies and race horses with her twin sister and two other siblings ...

Nene tells the story of how, with Sis and their 'Auntie Beat', they once walked across Lake Boga. [Beatrice was only ten years older than her nieces Nene and Sis.]25,11
 
The children helped with the butcher shop. Bub remembers delivering the meat on her bay-coloured horse, Paddy, from Nyah to Wood Wood, about 7 km to the North.

Dad loved horses, but had an aggressive streak. I once mentioned to him that Paddy had misbehaved the previous day. He attacked Paddy so viciously, I deeply regretted saying anything. [Bub Williams]

Dad drank too much. Mum once asked me to go and get him because he'd had an accident while delivering the meat. I found the cart upside down, and Dad sore, sorry and slightly drunk. [Bub Williams]26

 
LOST from Nyah Two Bull Calves, red and white, one branded TC on rump. £1 reward. Don McDonald, Butcher, Nyah. [Mar 1918]27
 
Through a combination of drink and poor management, Donald snr lost the butcher shop, and most of the family moved to Preston.

There are unknowns relating to the family's last years in Nyah. The first relates to a report in On 'This Bend' of the River, where in May 1919:
New butcher shop at Nyahwest in Gray Street, built by AN Lewis for McDonalds of Nyah.

No family member has ever mentioned living in Nyah West, only Nyah. And the electoral rolls for 1921 show Donald in Nyah.

Another mystery relates to a photo showing 'McDonald Bros, Butchers'. Being a family photo, it would be our McDonalds. And the photographer's shadow shows an old vehicle, so the photo was not just a more recent photo of an old building. The brother would be Herbert William, as electoral rolls show him as a labourer living in Nyah West at the time. But the butcher shop was established in 1921 and in Nyah, which appears to contradict that McDonalds had a new butcher shop in Nyah West in 1919. The shop appears to have living quarters behind it, which fits with electoral rolls showing them in Nyah at the time.

A third mystery is Nyah Cafe next door, and the names 'I&D McDonald'. The initials don't match any of Donald's siblings or any other McDonald in the electoral rolls. The only I and D McDonald we know of are Irene and Doris. They would have been about 18 years old, but not yet on the electoral rolls. But no one in the family, including Nene (Doris), has ever mentioned a cafe in Nyah.28,29,30
McDonald Bros Butchers, est. 1921. Nyah Cafe, iced drinks, fruit, confectionery, I & D McDonald
Image: Rene Barnes
McDonald Bros Butchers, est. 1921. Nyah Cafe, iced drinks, fruit, confectionery, I & D McDonald
Image: Rene Barnes
A highlight on the family's social calendar was the annual Nyah picnic sports day. Held on New Years Day, the social gathering drew people from all around the region, including a large contingent from Swan Hill. A popular location was the Nyah recreation reserve on the bank of the Murray. At night, dances would be held in any available hall.

During the war, the day was used as a fundraiser for the war effort, for the Red Cross, and also to help returned wounded Nyah soldiers.

The 1916 event featured athletics and swimming. In the girls' under 14 race, the McDonald twins came first and second. Their father, Donald, was one of two judges on the day.31,32
Nyah picnic sports: McDonald girls 1st and 2nd 1916
Nene and Sis were both good runners.

In 1917 & 18 she [Nene] won the Ladies Nyah Gift when she was 13 & 14 years old. A book presentation prize has this inscription - 'Donated by JT Millen "Roseville" Swan Hill to the Nyah Red Cross Sports - January 1917 won by Miss Doris McDonald of Nyah.'

Nene said that on both occasions her prize was a book, and the following year she won a hat. When asked how Sis went, Nene replied 'She came second'.

In 1985, the local Lions Club got the sports day up and running again, and in 1990 Nene visited for old time's sake.

When here, she was given the honour of presenting the winners of the Nyah Gift and Sam Jeans Memorial race with their sash and prizes.32

 
Though born in Swan Hill, Bub did most of her growing up around Nyah after the family moved there when she was quite young. She went to school in Nyah. Her father had a butcher shop about 4 km away in Nyah West, and Bub remembers delivering the meat on her bay-coloured horse, Paddy, to Swan Hill and to Wood Wood, about 10 km to the North. Her father drank too much; at one stage Bub remembers being asked to go and get him because he'd had an accident while delivering the meat. She found the cart upside down and her father sore, sorry and slightly drunk.26
 
Four McDonald Children
The occasion for this photo is not known.
Dougal (Donald Glenorchy jnr), Bub (Violet); seated: Nene (Doris) & Sis (Irene) McDonald, c. 1920
Image: Laurie & Lorraine Phillips
Life in Preston 
In the early 1920s, Donald snr, Alice, Dougal and Bub moved to Preston where Dougal was a butcher. Nene (Doris) had married Ken Stuart in Nyah then moved to Melbourne. Sis (Irene) had married Tom Phillips and moved to Shepparton.

By 1924, Donald snr and Alice were at 182 Bell St, Preston. In 1925, Alice is shown in the electoral roll at the same address, but Donald snr is not. Neither Donald nor Alice have been found in the 1926 and 1927 electoral rolls, but by 1928 they are both back in Preston, now at 60 Austral Avenue.33,34,35
 
The butcher shop was one of two shops on the south-west corner of Bell St and Austral Ave. A greengrocer was right on the corner with the butcher shop next door. The house ran across the back of both shops with the back yard opening almost opposite 60 Austral Ave.36,37
Don McDonald, Preston, c. 1944
Image: Rene Barnes
Don McDonald, Preston, c. 1944
Image: Rene Barnes
Bub was once quite friendly with a chap from Sydney by the name of Charlie Britnall. Charlie was the step son of Sydney bookmaker and politician Sir John Dunningham. It has been suggested they were even engaged at one time. In a strange footnote, Bub's and Charlie's lives seemed to be on a similar trajectory. Charlie married in 1932 and divorced in 1939; Bub married in 1933 and separated about 1940. And like Bub, Charlie was once a hotel licencee.
Violet 'Bub' McDonald, Jul 1927; 'To Sis & Tom, With Love from Bub, 10/7/27'
Image: Rene Barnes
Charlie's broken windscreen: Auntie Eilie recalls once when Auntie Bub was going out with a chap by the name of Charlie Britnall. Charlie was from Sydney and his step father was Sydney bookmaker and politician, Sir John Montgomery Dunningham. Charlie was a good dancer (the Charleston was mentioned) and drove a sports car. One weekend, Bub and Charlie drove to see her and her mum (Ellen, Grandma Phillips) at the house on the hill in Bacchus Marsh. Unfortunately for them, Jack, Reg and Laurie were there for a holiday (they were maybe 7 to 9 years old). From the safety of the house, the boys threw stones at Charlie's sports car, breaking the windscreen.38,39
 
Marriage and Family
Violet Alice McDonald and Frank Larsen Williams were married at Preston Presbyterian church on 14 June 1933. They had one child.3
Bill Hehir, Dick (Frank) Williams, Bub (Alice) McDonald/Williams, Nene (Doris) McDonald, Preston, Jun 1933
Image: Rene Barnes
Dick was two to three years younger than Bub. At the time of their marriage, Bub lived at 501 Bell Street, Preston and Dick lived in Echuca Road, Mooroopna. Witnesses were Bub's brother and sister, Donald and Doris McDonald.3
 
At this point in her life, Bub's brother, father, husband, father-in-law and brother-in-law could all be described as butchers.26,40
 
The family of three lived with Dick's mother Anna in the Echuca Rd house.

Graeme played with the many cousins living nearby. Sometimes his mother or Auntie Pauline would take him on holiday.41,40,26
Graeme Williams
Image: Val Williams
Back: unknown, Val Williams, Graeme Williams; front: possibly Mervyn Norton, unknown, Leon Williams, c. 1940
Image: Val Williams
Val Williams (back left), Anna Williams (Larsen) with Leon Williams, Carmel Johnson (front left), possibly Mervyn Norton (front centre) & Graeme Williams (front right), c. 1940
Image: Val Williams
Bub Williams (McDonald), Pauline Stuart & Graeme Williams (men unknown), c. 1940
Image: Rene Barnes
'Les' behind Don McDonald, Pauline Stuart behind Graeme Williams
Image: Rene Barnes
Dresses & Dressmaking
Needlework was quite common when Bub was growing up, and she seemed to be the one in the family to have most to do with it. For most of her life, Bub had a connection with needlework and dresses.

Bub's auntie, Lucy Bell (nee McDonald) in Swan Hill was very good with her needlework. When Bub was once there doing some needlework, Lucy would say 'you shouldn't be doing fancy needlework on Sunday or you'll have to pull it out with your nose' - they didn't approve of work on Sunday.

Bub worked for the well-known dress shop, Rockman's, on two separate occasions. The first was around 1940 for about 12 months in their Bourke St store when Bub moved to Melbourne after leaving Dick. The second was around 1958, again for about 12 months, but this time in Shepparton after selling the Toolamba pub.

Combining her seamstress and publican skills, in 1944 she made a debut dress for her niece, Lorraine Williams, while working at the Cricketer's Arms in Mooroopna, at times on the counter of the main bar.

Bub's final association with dresses began in 1966, just after the introduction of decimal currency, when she established Williams Frock Salon in the Star Bowl arcade in Fryers Street, Shepparton. Her daughter-in-law, Margaret Williams, soon joined Bub in the business, and eventually took it over as Bub reduced her working hours as she grew older.7,42
 
Unfortunately the marriage only lasted about seven years, with Bub and Graeme leaving around 1940.40,26
 
Family Life in Preston 
In 1940, Bub left Frank in Mooroopna, and she and six-year-old Graeme then lived with her brother Dougal and parents Donald snr and Alice in Preston. It is reported that when Bub left Frank, she went to Melbourne for a holiday and just didn't return.

Initially they lived at the back of Dougal's butcher shop. Later Bub rented 60 Austral Ave nearby.

Cousins Graeme and Don went to school together at Bell Primary school. Graeme was there for one or two years.43,44,24,45
 
In late 1941, Bub and Graeme returned to Mooroopna, to the Cricketer's Arms hotel, and Alice soon followed.
 
Cricketer's Arms Hotel
Bub's foray into the hotel business began in November 1941 when she started at the Cricketer's Arms Hotel in Mooroopna. She took over from Will or Billy O'Connell, with her brother-in-law, Tom Phillips as a silent partner. The hotel was known as the Richmond pub after the type of beer it sold. Bub operated the Cricketer's Arms for three years, before transferring the licence in November 1944 to Ethel Buckel of Newport.29,46,47
Cricketer's Arms Hotel, Mooroopna
Image: Rene Barnes
Cricketer's Arms Hotel, Mooroopna
Image: Margaret O'Connell
Life at the Cricketer's Arms Hotel
Alice's sister Beatrice and her two youngest children, Frank and Margaret moved from Lake Boga to Mooroopna and also lived at the hotel.43,48
 
Bub had Alice help run the hotel, and Beatrice became one of two cooks, the other being Ma Hawking.

Beatrice enjoyed the peacefulness of a room with her two children.

Frank, Margaret and Graeme started school in Mooroopna. Graeme attended the Mooroopna State school.44,29,49,50
 
The lease and licence for the Cricketer's Arms hotel expired late 1944. Bub, Alice and Graeme lived with Nene or Pauline for a short time before Bub and Graeme moved to the Hotel Australia in Shepparton.46,24,44
 
Beatrice saved enough through her work at the hotel to buy a house in Elizabeth St in Mooroopna, and later moved there with Frank and Margaret.49
 
Hotel Australia First Time
In November 1944, when Tom & Sis Phillips started operating the Hotel Australia in Shepparton, they were still living in Orr Street. According to Bub, Sis really wanted to move into the pub, but Tom said only if Bub helped out. According to Bub's son Graeme, they were there for maybe six months. And Bub recalled working there at the end of the Second World War (September 1945), so Bub may have started there around March 1945.

This was Bub's first of two associations with the Aussie Hotel.43,44
Hotel Australia, Shepparton c. 1950
Bub and Graeme returned to Pauline's briefly after finishing at the Hotel Australia in late 1945.

In early 1946, Bub, Graeme and Alice moved to the Junction Hotel in Toolamba.
 
Junction Hotel Toolamba
Bub's longest time running a pub was when she ran the Junction Hotel in Toolamba for about 13 years. She took over the licence in January 1946 from Mary Darveniza. Bub bought the pub with a loan from Tom Phillips, a loan which was paid back in full.51,29,52
Junction Hotel Toolamba
Life at the Junction Hotel Toolamba
Graeme was there early when attending Shepparton High School. And he was there later after doing tertiary studies, then briefly working in Melbourne.44
 
WOMAN RUNS PUB; RULES FOOTBALL
MELBOURNE. — The Victorian hamlet of Toolamba has a woman hotel licensee who is also the president and coach of the district Australian Rules football eighteen, and the town's unofficial policeman.

She is Mrs Violet Williams, 41, of Toolamba, 103 miles from Melbourne.

Mrs Williams said she had taken over the presidency of the Toolamba-Goulburn Valley football team because it needed a 'strong hand' to control it.

She is also unofficial coach of the team.

Mrs Williams supervises the massage and health of the players.

Toolamba team has improved its premiership position since Mrs Williams took over the presidency and coaching of the team.

SON A FORWARD
Mrs Williams has a 15-year-old son who is a forward in the team.
He told a reporter that he didn't see eye to eye with his mother, 'who dabbled in football.'

SHE SETTLES IT
Toolamba residents say that when there's a fight or argument in Toolamba, Mrs Williams is called in to settle it.

After football matches Mrs Williams takes her team to the hotel.

Mrs Williams' 60-year-old mother is one of the team's strongest supporters. [Sep 1949]53,54,55
Woman runs her own football team (Bub Williams) 1949
Both of Bub's parents died while they were at the Toolamba hotel; her dad in 1953, then her mum in 1957.

When she sold the hotel, she lived for a while with Nene and Jack.

Apart from a couple of brief periods, Bub lived with her mum for all but the first seven years of her marriage. They were quite close. For years after her mum's death, she regularly took flowers as she visited the grave site. Her great nephew, Peter Phillips, recalls many trips to the cemetery in Bub's Volkswagen Karmann Ghia.26,9,24
 
Kittens on Graeme's shirts: Without prompting, both Nene and Bub tell this same story, so it must have been significant. For a month or so after selling the Toolamba pub, Bub and Graeme stayed with Nene and Jack. While there, a black cat had kittens on Graeme's nice white work shirts.56,57
 
Hotel Australia Second Time
Around 1958 or 1959, after selling the Junction Hotel in Toolamba and working for a time at Rockman's, Bub ran the Hotel Australia bottle shop. She did this for eight years.29
Hotel Australia, Shepparton c. 1972
European Holiday
In 1970, Bub and her recently widowed sister Nene, travelled to Europe for a holiday. They visited England, Austria, Germany and Venice.58,11
 
Violet 'Bub' Williams (McDonald), Doris 'Nene' Courtie (McDonald)
Later Years
It was always a delight to visit Bub in her unit in Hayes St Shepparton. You were always offered a cup of tea (or cold drink for the kids) and a biscuit.

The house was always in immaculate condition. It was also kids' wonderland with all the seemingly hundreds of little items that Bub had collected throughout her life. There were all sorts of teaspoons, glassware, crockery, linen, etc., most of it behind glass away from little fingers.

If you visited on a Saturday afternoon in winter, you would find Bub listening to the radio or watching the TV as she followed her beloved football team, North Melbourne.

On a sunny day, you would be more likely to find Bub enjoying herself gardening.

Violet Alice 'Bub' Williams died in Shepparton on 6 January 2008, aged 99. She was buried at Pine Lodge cemetery in Shepparton East on 10 January 2008.

Bub died just one year short of her centenarian older sister Nene, and left one son.9,59
 
Other photos of Violet Alice 'Bub' McDonald can be found in the Gallery.
 

Citations

  1. [S391] Violet Alice McDonald, birth registration no. 23071, 2 July 1908.
  2. [S270] Victorian Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages, registry and index, Violet Alice McDonald entry, birth registration no. 23071, 1908.
  3. [S156] Frank Larsen Williams and Violet Alice McDonald, marriage certificate no. 5333, 14 June 1933.
  4. [S270] Victorian Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages, registry and index, Frank Larsen Williams and Violet Alice McDonald entry, registration no. 5333, 1933.
  5. [S52] Doris 'Nene' Courtie, personal communication.
  6. [S31] Eileen Redden, personal communication.
  7. [S58] Violet 'Bub' Williams, personal communication.
  8. [S21] Lorraine Phillips, personal communication.
  9. [S126] Peter Phillips, personal knowledge or recollection.
  10. [S376] From the Memories of the Life of Beatrice Lee, unpublished, 1987, p. 2.
  11. [S52] Doris 'Nene' Courtie, personal communication, 10 November 2001.
  12. [S146] Edwardian Index Victoria 1902-1913: Indexes to births deaths and marriages in Victoria, CD-ROM, Macbeth Genealogical Services, 1997.
  13. [S53] Donald Glenorchy McDonald and Alice Euphemia Steer, marriage registration no. 4052, 12 May 1910.
  14. [S375] Doris May Steer, birth registration no. 8481, 4 April 1903.
  15. [S374] Irene Gladys Steer, birth registration no. 8482, 4 April 1903.
  16. [S5] Irene Gladys McDonald, birth registration no. 9877/1943, 4 April 1903.
  17. [S392] Australia, Electoral Rolls 1903-1980, online, division of Wimmera, subdivision of Swan Hill, 1909.
  18. [S392] Australia, Electoral Rolls 1903-1980, online, division of Wimmera, subdivision of Swan Hill, 1912.
  19. [S392] Australia, Electoral Rolls 1903-1980, online, division of Wimmera, subdivision of Swan Hill, 1913.
  20. [S392] Australia, Electoral Rolls 1903-1980, online, division of Wimmera, subdivision of Swan Hill, 1914.
  21. [S39] 'The sheep dipping act', Swan Hill Guardian and Lake Boga Advocate, 1892-1937, newspaper, A Knox Chapman, 13 July 1914, p. 3, viewed 25 June 2021, https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/87217083
  22. [S39] 'Red Cross Society: Nyah branch', Swan Hill Guardian and Lake Boga Advocate, 1892-1937, newspaper, A Knox Chapman, 28 September 1914, p. 2, viewed 25 June 2021, https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/87216824
  23. [S188] On 'This Bend' of the River, Nyah district centenary committee, 1993, p. 110. This was probably around 1913-1915 because at the time railway workers camped in the Nyah area as the rail line was being built from Swan Hill to Piangil, through Nyah West (or Nyah Rail as it was then known).
  24. [S58] Violet 'Bub' Williams, personal communication, 28 December 1999.
  25. [S257] 'Doris delights in 100th birthday', Shepparton News, 4 April 2003, p. 5.
  26. [S58] Violet 'Bub' Williams, personal communication, 1 September 1996.
  27. [S39] '(Advertising)', Swan Hill Guardian and Lake Boga Advocate, 1892-1937, newspaper, A Knox Chapman, 4 March 1918, p. 3, viewed 3 July 2021, https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/87265559
  28. [S188] On 'This Bend' of the River, Nyah district centenary committee, 1993, p. 111.
  29. [S58] Violet 'Bub' Williams, personal communication, 7 July 1996.
  30. [S392] Australia, Electoral Rolls 1903-1980, online, division of Wimmera, subdivision of Swan Hill, 1921.
  31. [S39] 'Nyah picnic sports', Swan Hill Guardian and Lake Boga Advocate, 1892-1937, newspaper, A Knox Chapman, 6 January 1916, p. 2, viewed 7 June 2013, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article92121872
  32. [S188] On 'This Bend' of the River, Nyah district centenary committee, 1993, pp. 68-70.
  33. [S392] Australia, Electoral Rolls 1903-1980, online, Commonwealth division of Batman, Victorian division of Jika Jika, subdivision of Preston, 1924.
  34. [S392] Australia, Electoral Rolls 1903-1980, online, Commonwealth division of Batman, Victorian division of Jika Jika, subdivision of Preston, 1925.
  35. [S392] Australia, Electoral Rolls 1903-1980, online, division of Batman, subdivision of Preston, 1928.
  36. [S32] Laurie Phillips, personal communication, 27 July 2019.
  37. [S265] Graeme Williams, personal communication, 28 July 2019.
  38. [S31] Eileen Redden, personal communication, 25 February 1996.
  39. [S102] Jack Phillips, personal communication, 2 March 2013.
  40. [S21] Lorraine Phillips, personal communication, 17 December 2012.
  41. [S21] Lorraine Phillips, personal communication, 21 August 2012.
  42. [S21] Lorraine Phillips, personal communication, 20 July 1996.
  43. [S58] Violet 'Bub' Williams, personal communication, 28 September 1996.
  44. [S265] Graeme Williams, personal communication, 31 January 2013.
  45. [S21] Lorraine Phillips, personal communication, 17 December 2012.
  46. [S220] 'Hotel licences', The Argus, 1848-1957, newspaper, Argus Office, 4 November 1941, p. 3, viewed 9 June 2014, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article8214590
  47. [S220] 'Victuallers' licences', The Argus, 1848-1957, newspaper, Argus Office, 11 November 1944, p. 18, viewed 9 June 2014, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article11369872
  48. [S376] From the Memories of the Life of Beatrice Lee, unpublished, 1987, p. 11.
  49. [S376] From the Memories of the Life of Beatrice Lee, unpublished, 1987.
  50. [S563] Salt of the Earth: Inspirational stories of Mooroopna & Ardmona women, Mooroopna Education & Activity Centre, 2016, pp. 51-54.
  51. [S102] Jack Phillips, personal communication, 30 November 1996.
  52. [S220] 'Victuallers' licences', The Argus, 1848-1957, newspaper, Argus Office, 12 January 1946, p. 22, viewed 9 June 2014, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article22221863
  53. [S203] 'Woman runs pub; rules football', Evening Advocate, 1941-1954, newspaper, 2 September 1949, p. 7, viewed 18 July 2017, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article213971948
  54. [S699] Ron Testro, 'Woman runs her own football team', The Australasian Post, 1946-1996, newspaper, Argus and Australasian Limited, 18 August 1949, p.5, viewed 6 March 2020.
  55. [S1] There were similar stories in the Western Mail (Perth WA 1949), Weekly Times (Melbourne Vic 1949), Queensland Times (Ipswitch 1950), Cairns Post (Qld 1950), Lithgow Mercury (NSW 1950), Northern Star (Lismore NSW 1950), and Pioneer (Yorketown, SA 1952).
  56. [S58] Violet 'Bub' Williams, personal communication, 30 December 1996.
  57. [S52] Doris 'Nene' Courtie, personal communication, 30 December 1996.
  58. [S90] Karen Barker, personal communication, 28 September 1996.
  59. [S377] Pine Lodge Cemetery, cemetery, Violet Alice Williams entry, http://greatershepparton.com.au/region/cemeteries/…